4o ESO CLASE 1/SESSION 1. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE/ QUÉ ES LA SANIDAD UNIVERSAL

QUÉ ES LA LA SANIDAD UNIVERSAL. HISTORIA

WHAT IS UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE. HISTORY

En el siguiente enlace puedes ver la clase y las instrucciones para realizar la primera tarea:

                         https://youtu.be/wFnGQRPJEC4  

La asistencia sanitaria universal, asistencia sanitaria pública, asistencia de salud pública o sanidad pública hace referencia al acceso a asistencia sanitaria completa y la salud pública de todos los residentes de un país o región geográfica o política sin importar su capacidad económica o situación personal. La asistencia sanitaria universal responde a la demanda del derecho a la salud, inscribiéndose en los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales considerados derechos humanos de segunda generación.

Universal healthcare (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.

THE HISTORY OF UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE

The first move towards a national health insurance system was launched in Germany in 1883, with the Sickness Insurance Law. Industrial employers were mandated to provide injury and illness insurance for their low-wage workers, and the system was funded and administered by employees and employers through "sick funds", which were drawn from deductions in workers' wages and from employers' contributions.

Other countries soon began to follow suit.

In the United Kingdom, the National Insurance Act 1911 provided coverage for primary care (but not specialist or hospital care) for wage earners, covering about one third of the population.

The Russian Empire established a similar system in 1912, and other industrialized countries began following suit.

By the 1930s, similar systems existed in virtually all of Western and Central Europe.

Japan introduced an employee health insurance law in 1927, expanding further upon it in 1935 and 1940.

Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union established a fully public and centralized health care system in 1920.However, it was not a truly universal system at that point, as rural residents were not covered.

In New Zealand, a universal health care system was created in a series of steps, from 1939 to 1941.[8][9]

In Australia, the state of Queensland introduced a free public hospital system in the 1940s.

Following World War II, universal health care systems began to be set up around the world.

On July 5, 1948, the United Kingdom launched its universal National Health Service.

Universal health care was next introduced in the Nordic countries of Sweden (1955), Iceland (1956), Norway (1956), Denmark (1961), and Finland (1964).

Universal health insurance was then introduced in Japan (1961), and in Canada through stages, starting with the province of Saskatchewan in 1962, followed by the rest of Canada from 1968 to 1972.

The Soviet Union extended universal health care to its rural residents in 1969.

Italy introduced its Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (National Health Service) in 1978.

Universal health insurance was implemented in Australia beginning with the Medibank system which led to universal coverage under the Medicare system.

From the 1970s to the 2000s, Southern and Western European countries began introducing universal coverage, most of them building upon previous health insurance programs to cover the whole population. For example, France built upon its 1928 national health insurance system, with subsequent legislation covering a larger and larger percentage of the population, until the remaining 1% of the population that was uninsured received coverage in 2000. In addition, universal health coverage was introduced in some Asian countries, including South Korea (1989), Taiwan (1995), Israel (1995), and Thailand (2001).

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia retained and reformed its universal health care system, as did other former Soviet nations and Eastern bloc countries.

Beyond the 1990s, many countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region, including developing countries, took steps to bring their populations under universal health coverage, including China which has the largest universal health care system in the world and Brazil's SUS which improved coverage up to 80% of the population.

A 2012 study examined progress being made by these countries, focusing on nine in particular: Ghana, Rwanda, Nigeria, Mali, Kenya, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

(fuente: wikipedia)